| Contexte et objectif(s) | Context
In recent years, the global trade landscape has undergone significant changes due to geopolitical shifts, the formation of economic blocs and alliances, and the rise of protectionist trade policies. Since the Trump administration, the United States has adopted a protectionist trade strategy focused on revising bilateral and multilateral trade agreements and imposing tariffs on imports to protect domestic industries, reduce the trade deficit, and encourage reshoring of manufacturing jobs.
Although this strategy primarily targets major economic powers, its effects extend to developing countries such as Tunisia. For example, on April 2, 2025, the U.S. imposed a 28% reciprocal tariff on Tunisian imports in response to the trade deficit between the two countries. Tunisia's exports to the U.S. include key products like olive oil, mechanical and electrical components, fertilizers, textiles, and dates, which are vital to its economy.
Objective(s)
The paper aims to:
Analyze the direct and indirect impacts of the new U.S. protectionist trade policies, particularly the reciprocal tariffs, on Tunisia’s economy.
Assess how these tariffs affect Tunisia’s export competitiveness and foreign exchange earnings.
Explore the broader repercussions of U.S. trade policies on Tunisia through its trade relations with the European Union.
Examine the potential consequences of these tariffs on the global economy, highlighting risks such as increased costs, disrupted supply chains, and the threat of a global recession.
Provide insights into the exposure of various sectors and regions, including the MENA region, to the new U.S. trade policies.
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