{"id":9841,"date":"2026-03-16T17:25:45","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T16:25:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84\/"},"modified":"2026-05-01T01:00:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T23:00:48","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629: \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0639.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0651\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a (2023). : More competition to alleviate poverty? A general equilibrium model and an empirical study.\u202fJournal of Public Economic Theory,\u202f25(5), 985-1011.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.\u00a0 World Bank. 2024. Poverty, Prosperity, and Planet\u00a0\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a: Pathways Out of the Polycrisis. \u00a9 World Bank <a href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/42211\">http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/42211<\/a>\u00a0 License:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\">CC BY 3.0 IGO<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b1663 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"22b1663\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b817a07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b817a07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><p style=\"font-size: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><em><strong>\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0651\u0627\u064a<\/strong>&#8211;<\/em><em> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 <\/em><em>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u00a0 MASE (LR21ES21) \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 <\/em><em>EPI Lab<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span data-olk-copy-source=\"MessageBody\"><strong><b><em>\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064a-<\/em><\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/span><em> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 <\/em><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628<\/em><em>\u0631 <\/em><em>EPI Lab\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-size: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span data-olk-copy-source=\"MessageBody\"><strong><b>\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a &#8211; \u0623<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u00a0 <em>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 <\/em><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 <\/em>EPI Lab.<em><br \/><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-size: 23px; color: #004793;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span data-olk-copy-source=\"MessageBody\"><strong><b><br \/><\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a1f27a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2a1f27a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-048fd89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-cta-box\" data-id=\"048fd89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-cta-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-call-to-action cta-icon-flex bg-lite cta-preset-1\">\n\t    <div class=\"icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-pdf\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm250.2-143.7c-12.2-12-47-8.7-64.4-6.5-17.2-10.5-28.7-25-36.8-46.3 3.9-16.1 10.1-40.6 5.4-56-4.2-26.2-37.8-23.6-42.6-5.9-4.4 16.1-.4 38.5 7 67.1-10 23.9-24.9 56-35.4 74.4-20 10.3-47 26.2-51 46.2-3.3 15.8 26 55.2 76.1-31.2 22.4-7.4 46.8-16.5 68.4-20.1 18.9 10.2 41 17 55.8 17 25.5 0 28-28.2 17.5-38.7zm-198.1 77.8c5.1-13.7 24.5-29.5 30.4-35-19 30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t    <\/div>\n\t    <div class=\"content\">\n            <h2 class=\"title\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 SMU<\/h2><p><strong>\u201c<\/strong>La concurrence pour lutter contre la pauvret\u00e9 extr\u00eame ?\"<\/p>\t    <\/div>\n\t    <div class=\"action\">\n            <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ijmp.jor.br\/index.php\/ijmp\/article\/view\/1401\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cta-button  \">Lire<\/a>\t    <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0639. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 700 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0642\u0639 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 2.15 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (2024)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2030 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644[1]. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9844,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1420,914],"tags":[1593,1594,1596,1040,1595],"ppma_author":[1598,1599,1597],"class_list":{"0":"post-9841","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-gouvernance","8":"category-macroeconomie","9":"tag-concurrence","10":"tag-pauvrete-extreme","11":"tag-pays-en-developpement","12":"tag-politique-economique","13":"tag-structure-de-propriete"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629: \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 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