{"id":8846,"date":"2025-10-08T11:24:33","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T09:24:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/"},"modified":"2026-04-12T14:03:58","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T12:03:58","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8846\" class=\"elementor elementor-8846\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ab909e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ab909e1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ce858b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ce858b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646: \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 3,6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 75% \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637).<\/p><p>\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freiheit.org\/\">\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5986\" src=\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image2-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"605\" height=\"270\" \/><\/p><p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u00bb (\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627) \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629: \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 14 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644.<\/li><li><strong>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0628\u0639\u062f: <\/strong>\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627<strong>.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p><strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5987\" src=\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image3-14.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"605\" height=\"414\" \/><\/strong><\/p><ol><li><p><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u061f<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p><ol><li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b 17 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627) \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<strong>.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u201d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629\u201c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629: <\/strong>\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ol><strong>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644) \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/li><\/ol><p><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5988\" src=\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image4-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"605\" height=\"280\" \/><\/p><p>\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cfa7f2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3cfa7f2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a656ed4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a656ed4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><div><b style=\"color: #004793;\"><strong>FNF &#8211; <\/strong><\/b><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/div><span style=\"color: #004793;\"><span style=\"color: #004793;\"><span style=\"color: #004793;\"><span style=\"color: #004793;\"><span style=\"color: #004793;\"><span style=\"color: #004793;\"><span style=\"color: #004793;\"><em><strong>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/strong> <strong>-(\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631)<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6d8109 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d6d8109\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ba004 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-cta-box\" data-id=\"c3ba004\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-cta-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-call-to-action cta-icon-flex bg-lite cta-preset-1\">\n\t    <div class=\"icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-pdf\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm250.2-143.7c-12.2-12-47-8.7-64.4-6.5-17.2-10.5-28.7-25-36.8-46.3 3.9-16.1 10.1-40.6 5.4-56-4.2-26.2-37.8-23.6-42.6-5.9-4.4 16.1-.4 38.5 7 67.1-10 23.9-24.9 56-35.4 74.4-20 10.3-47 26.2-51 46.2-3.3 15.8 26 55.2 76.1-31.2 22.4-7.4 46.8-16.5 68.4-20.1 18.9 10.2 41 17 55.8 17 25.5 0 28-28.2 17.5-38.7zm-198.1 77.8c5.1-13.7 24.5-29.5 30.4-35-19 30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t    <\/div>\n\t    <div class=\"content\">\n            <h2 class=\"title\">\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/h2><p>\"\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u201c\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024.<\/p>\t    <\/div>\n\t    <div class=\"action\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/les-marches-des-exportations-tunisiennes-dans-un-monde-en-mutation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cta-button  \">Lire<\/a>\t    <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646: \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":8850,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[910],"tags":[1261,1257,1166,1260,1259,1258],"ppma_author":[1013,1262],"class_list":{"0":"post-8846","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-mondialisation","8":"tag-competitivite-verte","9":"tag-deficit-commercial","10":"tag-exportations","11":"tag-logistique","12":"tag-marches-emergents","13":"tag-union-europeenne"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 - Ecotous<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 - Ecotous\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646: \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ecotous\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-08T09:24:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-12T12:03:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image1-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"605\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fondation Friedrich Naumann pour la Libert\u00e9, Laboratoire d\u2019Int\u00e9gration \u00c9conomique Internationale (Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fondation Friedrich Naumann pour la Libert\u00e9\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fondation Friedrich Naumann pour la Libert\u00e9\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#\/schema\/person\/0c99bbdfcba0751c058567541a39e20d\"},\"headline\":\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-08T09:24:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-12T12:03:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/\"},\"wordCount\":5,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image1-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 verte\",\"d\u00e9ficit commercial\",\"exportations\",\"logistique\",\"march\u00e9s \u00e9mergents\",\"Union europ\u00e9enne\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/\",\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 - Ecotous\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image1-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-08T09:24:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-12T12:03:58+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image1-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image1-1.jpg\",\"width\":605,\"height\":350},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/\",\"name\":\"Ecotous\",\"description\":\"La recherche \u00e9conomique \u00e0 la port\u00e9e de tous\u200b\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ecotous\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/7d52d007-peny-grow-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/7d52d007-peny-grow-logo.png\",\"width\":296,\"height\":60,\"caption\":\"Ecotous\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#\/schema\/person\/0c99bbdfcba0751c058567541a39e20d\",\"name\":\"Fondation Friedrich Naumann pour la Libert\u00e9\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/dd281a0aaad48d854ca056f1a6e11623\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/489634219_122122579514784455_22524703404732112_n.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/489634219_122122579514784455_22524703404732112_n.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Fondation Friedrich Naumann pour la Libert\u00e9\"},\"description\":\"La Fondation Friedrich Naumann est une fondation politique allemande. Elle fait partie de la coop\u00e9ration internationale de la R\u00e9publique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale d\u2019Allemagne depuis 40 ans. La Fondation Friedrich Naumann est pr\u00e9sente en Allemagne et dans plus de 60 pays dans le monde. La Fondation Friedrich Naumann soutient des organismes et associations partenaires dans chaque pays: partis politiques, think tanks, associations d\u2019entrepreneurs et autres organisations qui contribuent au d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 libre et ouverte, qui prot\u00e8gent le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e de tous les citoyens et leur permet de vivre dans l\u2019autod\u00e9termination d\u00e9mocratique et sous l\u2019\u00e9tat de droit. Cette coop\u00e9ration se fait sous forme de s\u00e9minaires, d\u2019ateliers de travail, de conf\u00e9rences et d\u00e9bats ainsi que des formations et du conseil strat\u00e9gique. La Fondation organise, avec ses partenaires, des activit\u00e9s nationales, r\u00e9gionales et internationales.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/membres\/tunisfreiheit-org\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 - Ecotous","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 - Ecotous","og_description":"\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646: \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\/","og_site_name":"Ecotous","article_published_time":"2025-10-08T09:24:33+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-04-12T12:03:58+00:00","og_image":[{"width":605,"height":350,"url":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image1-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Fondation Friedrich Naumann pour la Libert\u00e9, Laboratoire d\u2019Int\u00e9gration \u00c9conomique Internationale (Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"Fondation Friedrich Naumann pour la Libert\u00e9","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"4 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/"},"author":{"name":"Fondation Friedrich Naumann pour la Libert\u00e9","@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#\/schema\/person\/0c99bbdfcba0751c058567541a39e20d"},"headline":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627","datePublished":"2025-10-08T09:24:33+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-12T12:03:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/"},"wordCount":5,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image1-1.jpg","keywords":["comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 verte","d\u00e9ficit commercial","exportations","logistique","march\u00e9s \u00e9mergents","Union europ\u00e9enne"],"articleSection":["\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629"],"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/","url":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/","name":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 - Ecotous","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image1-1.jpg","datePublished":"2025-10-08T09:24:33+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-12T12:03:58+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image1-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Image1-1.jpg","width":605,"height":350},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/","name":"Ecotous","description":"La recherche \u00e9conomique \u00e0 la port\u00e9e de tous\u200b","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#organization","name":"Ecotous","url":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/7d52d007-peny-grow-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/7d52d007-peny-grow-logo.png","width":296,"height":60,"caption":"Ecotous"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#\/schema\/person\/0c99bbdfcba0751c058567541a39e20d","name":"Fondation Friedrich Naumann pour la Libert\u00e9","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/dd281a0aaad48d854ca056f1a6e11623","url":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/489634219_122122579514784455_22524703404732112_n.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/489634219_122122579514784455_22524703404732112_n.jpg","caption":"Fondation Friedrich Naumann pour la Libert\u00e9"},"description":"La Fondation Friedrich Naumann est une fondation politique allemande. Elle fait partie de la coop\u00e9ration internationale de la R\u00e9publique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale d\u2019Allemagne depuis 40 ans. La Fondation Friedrich Naumann est pr\u00e9sente en Allemagne et dans plus de 60 pays dans le monde. La Fondation Friedrich Naumann soutient des organismes et associations partenaires dans chaque pays: partis politiques, think tanks, associations d\u2019entrepreneurs et autres organisations qui contribuent au d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 libre et ouverte, qui prot\u00e8gent le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e de tous les citoyens et leur permet de vivre dans l\u2019autod\u00e9termination d\u00e9mocratique et sous l\u2019\u00e9tat de droit. Cette coop\u00e9ration se fait sous forme de s\u00e9minaires, d\u2019ateliers de travail, de conf\u00e9rences et d\u00e9bats ainsi que des formations et du conseil strat\u00e9gique. La Fondation organise, avec ses partenaires, des activit\u00e9s nationales, r\u00e9gionales et internationales.","url":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/membres\/tunisfreiheit-org\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":1013,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"fondation-friedrich-naumann-pour-la-liberte","display_name":"Fondation Friedrich Naumann pour la Libert\u00e9","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""},{"term_id":1262,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"laboratoire-dintegration-economique-internationale-universite-de-tunis-el-manar","display_name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Int\u00e9gration \u00c9conomique Internationale (Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8846","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/113"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8846"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8846\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8854,"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8846\/revisions\/8854"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8850"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8846"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8846"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8846"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=8846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}