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width=\"861\" height=\"384\" \/><\/p><p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7b622a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b7b622a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be73a2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be73a2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><span style=\"color: #004793;\"><span style=\"color: #004793;\"><span style=\"color: #004793;\"><b><strong><em>\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633-<\/em><\/strong><\/b><em> \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641-\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong style=\"color: #004793;\"><em>\u00a0&#8211;<\/em><\/strong><\/blockquote><blockquote><strong style=\"color: #004793;\"><em><strong>\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 <\/strong><\/em>&#8211;<\/strong><span style=\"color: #004793;\"><em> \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641-\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631<\/em><\/span><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec62543 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec62543\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae9f1fe elementor-widget 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30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t    <\/div>\n\t    <div class=\"content\">\n            <h2 class=\"title\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h2><p>\u201cTrade openness and wage inequality: Case of Tunisia\u201d.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 5 - \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 2023<\/p>\t    <\/div>\n\t    <div class=\"action\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ecotous.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/trade-openness-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cta-button  \">Lire<\/a>\t    <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":125,"featured_media":8527,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[914],"tags":[1145,1146,1143,1104,1144],"ppma_author":[1147,1148],"class_list":["post-8522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-macroeconomie","tag-employment","tag-panel-data","tag-trade-openness","tag-tunisia","tag-wage-inequality"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 - Ecotous<\/title>\n<meta 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